Monthly Archives: September 2014

Coal combustion products (CCPs) can play an important role in concrete production. CCPs are the by-products generated from burning coal in coal-fired power plants. These by-products include: fly ash bottom ash boiler slag flue gas desulphurisation gypsum others types of material such as fluidised bed combustion ash, cenospheres, and scrubber residues Fly ash can be Continue Reading

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a method of converting unworked coal – coal still in the ground – into a combustible gas which can be used for industrial heating, power generation or the manufacture of hydrogen, synthetic natural gas or diesel fuel. UCG technology allows countries that are endowed with coal to fully utilise their Continue Reading

South Africa has been producing coal-derived fuels since 1955 and has the only commercial coal to liquids industry in operation today. Not only are CTL fuels used in cars and other vehicles, South African energy company Sasol’s CTL fuels also have approval to be utilised in commercial jets. Currently around 30% of the country’s gasoline Continue Reading

Cement is made from a mixture of calcium carbonate (generally in the form of limestone), silica, iron oxide and alumina. A high-temperature kiln, often fuelled by coal, heats the raw materials to a partial melt at 1450°C, transforming them chemically and physically into a substance known as clinker. This grey pebble-like material is comprised of Continue Reading